In a recent study published in Nature Medicine, scientists from the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute in Australia discovered that particular type of gene that functions normally during normal DNA repair in the human body may be very important for the function of p53. The results of related studies may help researchers better identify patients with a higher risk of certain types of cancer, and at the same time may also help to develop safer and more effective treatments for cancer.

In this study, the researchers first tested how p53 inhibited the growth of cancer; the researchers Janic said that this is an exciting and unprecedented discovery and they found that the DNA repair gene MLH1 and additional DNA repair genes are essential for p53 inhibition of B cell lymphoma development; MLH1 is a powerful weapon for p53 to protect against cancer. It can help clinicians diagnose patients early and develop safer and more targeted therapies. For example, if a patient has a lymphoma with a mutation (ie, a loss of DNA repair mechanism), doctors can effectively avoid the use of specific DNA damage therapies, such as chemotherapy, because these treatments may make the cancer worse.

The researchers said that currently they have clarified the importance of MLH1 and other DNA repair factors, and then they can find ways to identify the weaknesses, that is, to clarify how the absence of these factors affects the function of cancer cells, and to develop an effective treatment. These findings reveal the importance of performing detailed functionalities. The researchers screened more than 300 downstream targets of p53 in order to identify genes that are important for p53 tumor suppressor function.

The deletion of the DNA repair gene MLH1 can effectively inhibit the normal function of p53, thereby promoting the occurrence of lymphoma, and when the function of MLH1 returns to normal, the occurrence of tumors will be significantly inhibited; therefore, the researchers would like to further study other DNA repair genes to elucidate the importance of the overall DNA repair mechanism for the ability of p53 to inhibit cancer development. Researcher Professor Strasser said that understanding the working mechanism of p53 is the focus of cancer researchers; nearly half of the global cancer incidence is the result of abnormal p53 function. For a long time researchers have been aware of the importance of p53, but despite the large number of research, they still cannot explain how the protein effectively blocks the development of cancer.

Next, the researchers hope to be able to clarify multiple genes that are regulated by p53 to gain insights into other potential processes that may affect p53 function. Researchers also want to study whether or not apart from lymphoma, DNA repair process has a certain blocking effect on other cancers, such as pancreatic cancer and colon cancer. Finally, the researchers pointed out that p53 mutations are related to 70% of colon cancer and pancreatic cancer. Therefore, findings of this study is also quite important to understand the pathogenesis of these two types of cancer. Researchers want to clarify whether genes involved in the DNA repair process can also help p53 inhibit the development of related cancers through later studies.

Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor (DSRCT) refers to a rare kind of aggressive soft tissue cancer that usually begins at abdomen and hematogenously disseminates to the liver. According to the National Institute of Health, the disease primarily affects children and young adults, as is more prevalent in males than that in females. According to the Health Program of European Union, desmoplastic small round cell tumor is extremely rare and only a few hundred cases have been reported worldwide till 2011 since its first description in 1989.

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Moreover, according to National Cancer Intelligent Network, Public Health England, only three incidence cases of DSRC were reported between 2010 and 2013 in England. The Desmoplastic Small Round Cell tumor is formed by small, round cancer cells that are surrounded by scar-like tissue that are found in the peritoneum lining inside of the abdomen and pelvis. The tumor cells also undergo a characteristic genetic change that involves translocation among chromosomes 11 and 22 that differentiates the tumor from various other cancerous tumors.

Increasing incidence of genetic disorders and cancer is one of the major factors responsible for growth of the global desmoplastic small round cell tumor treatment market. According to a report published by Genetics Education Center, University of Kansas Medical Center 2012, 12% of the hospital admissions in the U.S. accounted for treatment of genetic causes in 2013. Moreover, according to the American Cancer Society 2017, the cancer occurring in stomach, small intestine, and gastrointestinal cavity are one of the most common of the rare cancer of the digestive systems. According to the Cancer Research UK 2016, rare cancers affects around 2 in 100,000 people. Additionally, increasing research and development to improve conditions of the patients suffering with rare cancers is also responsible to augment the market growth.

Bioreactor is an engineered or manufactured vessel that is used in the production of wide range of biological products. Industrial bioreactor is a vessel in which biochemical process is carried out using microbes and animal cells or biologically active compounds that are derived from living cells. Bioreactors are cylindrical in shape with capacity of liters to cubic meters and is the most important component involved in bioprocessing. Fermentation processes such as wine, and beer production are carried out in bioreactors.

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Bioreactors for large scale production of therapeutic products are made of stainless steel. In biopharmaceutical companies, small glass bioreactors are used for research and development purpose and for scale up activities. Another type of bioreactors are disposable bioreactors, which are meant for single use and hence are called as single-use bioreactors. It is generally used for extensive research and manufacturing. Bioreactors can operate in batch, fed batch, and continuous stirred tank processes. Bioreactors are used to produce therapeutics, which include monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, stem cells, and gene modified cells.

The efficiency of single-use bioreactors has increased across pharmaceutical industries in terms of production, quality control, and procurement. Single-use bioreactors offer advantages such as consistency in production, increase in speed of manufacturing, reduced operational cost, and reduction in manufacturing time of finished dosage form, which foster growth of bioreactors market. In 2016, as per the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), operational cost per gram of monoclonal antibody production (mAb) for single-use bioreactor is around 22% lower than conventional system, mainly due to less labor, utilities, maintenance, and waste.

Key Vendors:

Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Merck KGaA, GE Healthcare, Pall Corporation, ZETA Holdings GmbH, Sartorius AG BBI, Solaris, Praj HiPurity Systems Limited, BiOENGiNEERiNG, INC., Infors AG, and Appplikon Biotechnology, Inc.

Cell therapy is one of the most promising healthcare procedure for restoration of damaged tissue. Cell therapies have huge potential for the wide range of disease treatment including tissue degradation, immune deficiency, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Cell therapy are categorized into two type’s allogeneic (cells from third party donor) and autologous (cells from one’s own body). Cell therapy has gained significant traction in recent past and currently it under commercial development. Main objective of cell therapy is to re-establish the lost function of tissues and cells rather than to produce a new organ.

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Some cell therapies have been established and permitted for clinical trial. For instance, in 2013 a stage 2 clinical trial was completed for transplantation of bone marrow derived stem cells in affected knee by rheumatoid arthritis. The growth of this technique is also increased due to involvement of the government agencies. For instance, innovate U.K. 2014 report showed that government agreed to fund US$15.3 million in cell therapy manufacturing market.

Increasing number of surgical procedures performed across the world coupled with increasing number of trauma and accidents is propelling demand for new medical therapy. For instance, according to a 2015, World Health Organization (WHO) report, more than 50,000 stem cell transplants are carried out annually worldwide for various surgeries. Stem cells transplantation is promising medical therapy for patients with advance stage diseases like Alzheimer’s, arthritis, autism, blindness, cancer, cerebral palsy, diabetes etc. Key biopharmaceutical companies are majorly investing in research for cell therapy. For instance, Longeveron LL, a biopharmaceutical company received a US$ 750,000 grant from the Maryland Technology Development Corporation (TEDCO) in 2018 for stem cell therapy research. These collaborations and government funding are boosting growth of the cell therapy manufacturing market.